| 摘要 | ABSTRACT
1. Purpose of research
There have been impressive Major economies abroad are preparing various measures responding to the climate change and high oil prices by using the energy demand management such as energy savings and improvement of energy efficiency.
Korea also set a goal of the enhancement of nearly 46 percent energy efficiency by 2030 compared with the BAU (business as usual) scenario, and has implemented various policies and programs to save energy and improve energy efficiency..
However, with regard to development and implementation of various policies, the corresponding measurement and assessments are not done properly. Therefore, development and implementation of systematic and effective policy portfolio face difficulties. In addition, the measurement and evaluation process of related policies have not been systematically done, thereby resulting in not ensuring the collection of information and statistics for the energy saving and efficiency policy.
Korean government has built KESIS for setting the national energy plan. But, KESIS is established based on the data of energy supply. Therefore, it does not cover the information of database for analysis of energy demand management to improve energy efficiency and saving. Data on energy by sources and sectoral energy data exist sporadically in different organizations. As a result, it is not easy to know whether there exist data or not, and moreover collecting those data became the more difficult work to be done in reality.
From now on, it is necessary that the Korean government build the basic database, which can be used for the analysis of the effect of various energy policies and programs on energy saving and efficiency.
Under this circumstance, this research provides the basic direction on how to build the database on energy efficiency after investigating the domestic and foreign database used to evaluate the energy saving and efficiency policies. This study has been ongoing over the past three years. In this research, we suggest different database building methods depending different sectors such as industry, transport, residential/commercial, and public sectors. For the first and second years, we have discussed on how to build the database coving residential/commercial and industry/transport sectors, respectively. This paper, the last year��s paper in the series, suggests the way to build the database covering energy efficiency in the public sector.
If we observe the representative energy policies and programs of the public sector, there are by and large energy use rationalization policy for public agents and regional energy projects. Representative efficiency policies are public building retrofit project, energy efficiency rating system, ESCO projects in public buildings, high-efficiency building equipments, etc. For common policies across sectors, there are energy saving promotion and campaign, energy saving education, energy price and R&D. In the public sector, most programs are related to enhancement of building energy use efficiency and equipment efficiency. Thus, this paper focuses on how to build energy efficiency database covering public buildings. In the case of energy saving promotion and campaign, we deal with overall direction of building the database because systematic M&V methodology has not been established yet. This paper is organized as follows. The next section analyzes the current situation of database related to common energy saving policies across sectors and those policies in the public sector. Chapter 3 derives the policy implication after reviewing policy effectiveness analysis techniques and types of input materials in ��Energy Journal��, which is the renowned international energy journal. Chapter 4 provides the building method of the energy saving database after reviewing the energy efficiency evaluation system of the public sector in California, USA. Chapter 5 summarizes and concludes.
2. Research Results and Policy Implications
This study carefully reviewed the national and international status related to energy efficiency database, and investigated the domestic DB construction direction associated with the basic database for policy effectiveness analysis of public and common sectors. Foreign advanced countries have already built and are currently operating each individual systematic database by the energy efficiency improving program being implemented for public buildings. In the case of common energy efficiency programs across sectors, we could find some relevant database. But in those countries, M&V methodology and related database have not been well constructed.
In Korea, demand management database for the public and common sectors appears to be almost nonexistent. Reality is that constructing the energy efficiency database in common sectors is not easy. However, it is a serious problem that the energy efficiency database about the public sector has not been well constructed yet.
One primary reason that energy demand management database in Korea has not been constructed yet is that data on final energy consumption are constructed based on the information provided by energy suppliers. This causes that the energy system in Korea has been inevitably formed centered around energy suppliers under the circumstance that energy security has been a primary value in energy issues. This circumstance naturally leads that energy statistics has been built by the perspective of energy suppliers. Along with this reality, another important reason is that measurement, verification and evaluation system about energy demand management policies are not sufficiently equipped. This causes the lack of database on the appropriate energy demand management. A vicious cycle, which leads to a poor evaluation policy, is being repeated.
This research discusses what should be amended and supplemented in domestic demand management data through the analysis of domestic status and the Meta analysis on the international renowned energy journal. The results show that construction of both data of energy efficiency technology and sectoral panel data turns out to be necessary. This paper also suggests the database setting direction about the evaluation of bottom-up energy demand management policy for evaluation of individual program with reference to the analysis of policy evaluation on California energy demand management. The basic purpose of demand management database is to enable the effect of individual energy efficiency program to be evaluated before and after its implementation. Thus, energy demand management database in public sector and common parts across sectors are required to be designed for achieving the basic purpose. In doing so, we should construct the database on energy efficiency technology and use it to grasp the technical energy saving potential of the individual program. Subsequently, building database to evaluate social costs and benefits should be followed. M&V database by program, which tracks the implementation process of the individual program and measures the results, should be established as well. For the final step, we need to build the market evaluation database to evaluate the impact of the implementation of individual program on whole markets. It is appropriate for market evaluation database to include the panel data of final consumers by sector.
In facts, demand management database are based on well-established evaluation system that have a cycle composed of assessment of influencing power, measurement of achievement and verification after the implementation, and market evaluation. The common denominator in advanced countries that have well-established demand management database is that measurement, verification, and evaluation are well conducted. On the other hand, the energy demand management programs in Korea do not catch the following facts: 1) implementation of energy saving projects, 2) achievement of initial policy purpose, and 3) benefits compared to costs. This is because objective and transparent M&V methodology and process and governance system are not well established. In order to design the energy demand management system well, we urgently need to study on structure of overall evaluation system of energy demand management. It is a long-term project that energy experts in various fields will take serious considerations. Thus, this issue may be a topic for future research. |
