| 摘要 | ABSTRACT
1. Research Background and Purpose
Among the energy sector, ICT convergence is prominent in the electric power industry, and interest in new electric power businesses is increasing. The eight new energy industries currently under development are also largely in the electricity sector.
Overseas, as the electricity tariff system is becoming more flexible and the number of participants in the electric power business is increasing, many more projects are being implemented than in Korea. In the United States and Europe, VPP (virtual power plant) and big data utilization are attracting attention, and P2P (peer to peer) electricity is also being commercialized. In Japan, combined with the liberalization of electric power retailing, the combined sales of electric power and other products, retail one-stop services, and retail point services are expanding.
As new types of businesses in the electric power sector are rapidly growing around the world, it is necessary to systematically review various business cases and seek ways to enhance the competitiveness of domestic electric power industry. It is a need to establish a theoretical basis for finding and developing additional new businesses in the future by creating a framework for analyzing new business types in the electric power sector that can integrate various cases currently being sporadically discussed. In other words, it is necessary to build an analytical framework that can comprehensively and systematically understand new industries in the power sector beyond the category of thinking limited to individual cases. It is important to look at the extent to which Korea's power industry is diversified compared to foreign countries, and what areas are likely to be developed if the additional new business grows in the future.
Studies that have reviewed and typified new business cases in the power sector have been published recently. Typically, PWC (2014) categorizes the main business models in the electricity generation, transmission, distribution and retail sectors into eight types. The Nikkei BP CTI (2015) summarizes the new businesses in the power retail sector in 10 forms. Recently, MIT (2016) attempted to form a business model related to distributed energy resources according to service type, customer classification, and revenue generation type. However, the studies to date have not enough rationale for the classification of business types, and they are limited to some business models, and there are limitations in suggesting additional development models.
This study aims to systematize the types of new businesses in the power sector on the theoretical basis of the business model components and analyze the possible environments of those types. We will review the new and emerging electric power businesses comprehensively and provide policy implications for the energy new industry. These discussions are expected to provide a framework for understanding the current state of the power industry and its future directions of change.
2. Summary and Policy Implications
This study collected related business cases in North America, Europe, and Asia - Pacific region, classify business type through morphology box and examined what kind of trend exists in power new business sector.
As a result, the electric power companies are also core customers in the distributed resources sector, and the cooperation among the different industries has appeared actively. Local governments also took an active part as business entities, and consumer services innovation examples such as expanding consumer choice and personalization services were abundant. Also, we confirmed that free service forms are also emerging in the electricity sector.
However, the number and type of new business cases in Korea are relatively small compared to those in North America and Europe. The major countries are selected and analyzed for why such differences occur. As a result of the analysis, the profitability base of domestic new businesses in the power sector was relatively weak, and the financial accessibility of new businesses was not favorable. Also, the perception that the technological innovation environment that develops and commercializes new technologies is relatively lagging behind was common, and the business risk was high due to high uncertainty in policy.
Based on the results of this analysis, this study comprehensively presented the opinions of various experts through in-depth interviews with experts to suggest policy directions and alternatives more realistic and concrete.
Experts who responded to the in-depth interviews agreed with the current policy direction of new energy industry policies and recommended focusing on more fundamental problems. In particular, they required the establishment of an industrial structure and a price system that can form a self-sustaining market and a fair competition system. Therefore, it was diagnosed that a structural change is needed more than a gradual industrial change. As a priority policy issue, promotion of electric power sales business, expansion of private sector participation, and change of electricity price system were selected.
Experts also expressed their views on the side effects of the current policy, emphasizing the need for systematic preparation for the future rather than short-term results, and the importance of policy consistency. Moreover, they emphasized that efforts to form a social consensus about this issue be necessary because the electricity price may rise in the implementation of the new industry policy. They also emphasized the need for institutional arrangements to introduce new technologies and systems from a rational and balanced perspective and to prevent cherry picking when private companies are involved. Furthermore, they emphasized that the role of the government in creating the market be important because the monopoly system of existing operators can be strengthened rather.
Countries that are actively promoting new energy businesses are evaluated to have an environment in which the economic feasibility of new electric power business can emerge. Also, they are assessed to be better than Korea regarding technology innovation environment. Also, In these countries, it is relatively free from the institutional environment to enter the electricity sales market and to set electricity price, and the stability of the policy is higher than that of South Korea, so the business risk due to policy uncertainty small.
The private sector can participate, the market can be created, and the innovation can be done with the environment for the new electric power business to be developed. Nowadays, with such a lack of environment, the government is concentrating on promoting business initiatives and making short-term achievements.
Experts emphasize that creating an environment in which new businesses can be created and grown is an important task. The recent policy suggestions proposed by the government can be said to have much effort. However, as seen in the expert interviews, it still lacks in the private sector.
This study presented the reasons for selecting policy issues, related obstacles, specific directions or alternatives through in-depth interviews with experts. These voices should be carefully considered for future policy formulation and improvement. Also, we presented the side effects of the current policy direction and the points to be cautious in implementing the policy. It is necessary to continually check and improve the new electric power business policy to help achieve the desired objectives as well as to create a desirable future for society as a whole. |
