| 来源类型 | Report |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| Ex-post Estimates of Costs to Business of EU Environmental Legislation | |
| [unavailable] | |
| 发表日期 | 2006 |
| 出版年 | 2006 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 概述 | Oosterhuis, Frans (Ed.) 2006: Ex-post Estimates of Costs to Business of EU Environmental Legislation. Final report for the European Commission. Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. |
| 摘要 | class="field field-name-field-master-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> Oosterhuis, Frans (Ed.) 2006: Ex-post Estimates of Costs to Business of EU Environmental Legislation. Final report for the European Commission. Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. |
| 目录 | Table of Contents: Preface and acknowledgements Executive summary 1. Introduction 2. Evidence on the size of differences between ex-ante and ex-post cost estimates 3. Definition and measurement of costs 3.1 Cost definitions and categories 3.1.1 Compliance costs 3.1.2 Investment, operational and administrative costs 3.1.3 Unit costs versus aggregated costs 3.1.4 Direct and indirect costs 3.2 Estimating and measuring costs 3.2.1 Approaches and methods 3.2.2 Availability and reliability of cost data 3.2.3 The time factor 3.3 Attributing costs to policies 3.4 Evidence from the case studies 4. Baseline assumptions, counterfactual scenarios and business / market response 4.1 Counterfactual analysis and baselines 4.2 Dynamics of prices and costs 4.3 Business and market response 4.3.1 Uncertainty and variability 4.3.2 "End of pipe" and "integrated" environmental technology 4.4 The incidence of costs 4.5 Evidence from the case studies 5. Differences between planned, adopted and implemented policies 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Evidence from the case studies 6. The potential for innovation, economies of scale and other cost reducing dynamics 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Evidence from literature 6.3 Evidence from the case studies 7. Conclusions and policy implications 7.1 Factors behind the gap between ex-ante and ex-post cost estimates 7.2 Implications for cost assessments References Appendix I. Summaries of case studies |
| 标签 | Report ; EU Environment |
| 关键词 | Economic economists economics environmental economics ecological economics assessments indicators costs benefit assessment impact assessment sustainable development reporting analysis valuation ex-ante ex-post business Europe |
| URL | https://www.ecologic.eu/13473 |
| 来源智库 | Ecologic Institute (Germany) |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/36332 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | [unavailable]. Ex-post Estimates of Costs to Business of EU Environmental Legislation. 2006. |
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