全球智库信息集成服务系统(G2TT): Taking into Account Opportunity Costs when Assessing Costs of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Action

G2TT

来源类型	Report
规范类型	报告
	Taking into Account Opportunity Costs when Assessing Costs of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Action
	Timo Kaphengst; McKenna Davis; Sophie Herbert
发表日期	2011
出版者	Ecologic Institute , GermanyInstitute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP), United KingdomGHK (GHK), United Kingdom
出版年	2011
语种	英语
概述	The study addresses the following aspects 1. Identification of the types of costs associated with biodiversity policy in the EU: both direct and indirect as well as opportunity costs. 2. A review of the available literature to find any gaps in the cost analysis – such as the opportunity costs of conversion to other uses – and to assess the extent of these gaps. 3. An estimate of the total economic costs of biodiversity policy (including opportunity costs) in the EU. 4. Information on how to systematically fill any such gap in the future and on the methodologies that can be used to comprehensively address all types of economic costs.
摘要	class="field field-name-field-master-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> The combined cost of all different EU policy actions for biodiversity is roughly estimated at €10.6 billion per year. Within this, opportunity costs amount to approximately €8.4 billion. The study addresses the following aspects Identification of the types of costs associated with biodiversity policy in the EU: both direct and indirect as well as opportunity costs. A review of the available literature to find any gaps in the cost analysis – such as the opportunity costs of conversion to other uses – and to assess the extent of these gaps. An estimate of the total economic costs of biodiversity policy (including opportunity costs) in the EU. Information on how to systematically fill any such gap in the future and on the methodologies that can be used to comprehensively address all types of economic costs.
目录	Table of Contents: 1 Objectives and Approach 1.1 Background 1.2 Objectives and scope of the study 1.3 Definition of biodiversity and ecosystem actions 1.4 Methodological approach 2 Overview of Costs Incurred in selected categories of the EU Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) 2.1 Foregone development opportunities 2.2 Natura 2000 (Category A) 2.3 National (terrestrial) protected areas (Category B) 2.4 Species conservation (Category C) 2.5 Conservation and restoration of High Nature Value Farmland (Category D) 2.6 Conservation and restoration of forest areas (Category D) 2.7 Conservation and restoration of biodiversity in the marine environment (Category E) 2.8 Wider environmental policy measures positively affecting biodiversity (Category F) 2.9 EU Strategy to combat Invasive Alien Species (Category F) 2.10 EU Research on biodiversity 3 Analysis and conclusions 3.1 Estimating overall costs and opportunity costs of biodiversity action at EU level 3.1.1 Brief summary on available cost estimates 3.1.2 Synthesis of cost incurred in EU biodiversity policies 3.2 Recommendations for a future methodology for estimating opportunity costs in biodiversity policies 3.2.1 Analysing cost types and their relevance for biodiversity actions 3.2.2 Calculating costs of biodiversity action across different policy areas 3.3 Conclusions 4 References Annex A. Sources of synthesis: Literature review Natura 2000 Species specific measures Agri-environmental measures and HNV farmland Forest conservation and forest management The marine environmen The UK Biodiversity Action Plan Research and education Annex B. Methodology of cost calculation for agri-environment payments Annex C. Costs of Rural Development Programmes
标签	Report ; Biodiversity ; Nature Conservation ; Policy Assessment
关键词	biodiversity nature conservation economic studies Europe EU Member States
URL	https://www.ecologic.eu/11200
来源智库	Ecologic Institute (Germany)
资源类型	智库出版物
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/36448
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Timo Kaphengst,McKenna Davis,Sophie Herbert. Taking into Account Opportunity Costs when Assessing Costs of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Action. 2011.