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Controversial debates on the topic of biofuels keep going on. Once celebrated as panacea against climate change, oil dependency and development of rural areas the positive impacts of biofuels become increasingly questioned. Still, biofuels receive worldwide political support. This contradictive development raises the question which role biofuels can (still) play for a socio-ecological transformation of the energy systems. In the book at hand, consequences and developments of biofuel production/promotion and -usage in and between different world regions (Europe, Asia, Africa, South America) as well as their political regulation und discursive legitimation become analysed. The articles in this book prove that biofuels are never the sole trigger of displacement, deforestation and hunger. Given the circumstances of transnational intertwining and insufficient regulation though they often add more to the problems than they ease them.