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来源类型 | Publications - Editorials |
规范类型 | 评论 |
Racial integration - Lessons from the U.S. Army Intervention at the "Business and the State: Migration Policies, Diversity and Integration" international conference, January 13th, 2012 - Ifri | |
3-star U.S. Army General BOSTICK | |
发表日期 | 2012-02-06 |
出版年 | 2012 |
概述 | On Friday, the 13th of January, 2012, the Center for Migrations and Citizenship welcomed 3-star U.S. Army General Bostick as a speaker of its international conference: "Business and the State: Migration Policies, Diversity and Integration". |
摘要 |
Racial integration - Lessons from the U.S. Army Intervention at the "Business and the State: Migration Policies, Diversity and Integration" international conference, January 13th, 2012 - Ifri
On Friday, the 13th of January, 2012, the Center for Migrations and Citizenship welcomed 3-star U.S. Army General Bostick as a speaker of its international conference: "Business and the State: Migration Policies, Diversity and Integration". ![]() Please find below the transcript of his speech entitled "America's Army Represents America": "Thank you for the opportunity to speak with you today. I especially wish to thank Monsieur Bertossi, Director of the Center for Migrations and Citizenship. I also want to thank Commissioner Garcia for his comments. I am truly honored by the opportunity to share my thoughts with you about Diversity in the Army of the United States of America. The common bonds between the citizens of France and the citizens of the United States date back well before the birth of our democracies. The very ideas that served as the foundation for modern democracy were matured here in France and nurtured by the writings of Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau whose works, like the "Social Contract", served as inspiration for the American and French revolutions. The French and the Americans are kindred spirits who share a philosophical heritage, and a commitment to democracy, freedom, equality, and liberty. This commitment manifests itself further in the US Army's longstanding ties with the French Army. French men and women have fought for and defended freedom alongside American men and women from the 1770s to today's current conflicts. We have liberally borrowed from French military courtesy and customs and gained much from our continuing friendship. In his book, The Greater Journey, American historian David McCullough, chronicles the experiences of Americans who traveled to Paris throughout much of the 19th Century. American artists, writers, doctors, politicians, architects, and others came to Paris to excel in their work. Elizabeth Blackwell came to Paris and became the first female doctor in America. French and American relations are not limited to our past. Today we face many similar challenges in our pursuits toward preserving freedom and defending liberty. Diversity and integration are central themes facing the US Military today as they have throughout our existence. The questions that emanate from these themes are no different from those that confront all democracies and require constant vigilance and action. As General Raymond Odierno, the Army Chief of Staff, recently stated, "We are an Army that represents the best about our Nation - diversity, hard work, and moral and ethical values. Young men and women today want to be part of something greater than themselves. This is why they want to be a part of our Army. This is why America trusts us with their sons and daughters." The US Army is built on the belief that every American deserves the opportunity to serve his or her country. More importantly, courageous leaders such as Presidents Abraham Lincoln, and Harry Truman believed that opening up the armed services to all Americans was not only 'right' but also made us stronger and better.
Historical Review Over the course of the next 170 years that encompassed numerous conflicts from the War of 1812 to World War II, Americans from every race and ethnic background served with the Army. At the end of the Civil War, more than 200,000 African-Americans were serving in the military forces of the United States, fighting to preserve a Union that as recently as 1857 had constitutionally declared them ineligible for United States citizenship. During the Civil War more than1,000 Mexican-Americans served in the Union Army. In 1866, the U.S. Army established the Indian Scouts. These Native Americans were active in the American West in the late 1800s and early 1900s, accompanying Gen. John J. Pershing's expedition to Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa in 1916. In 1877, Henry Ossian Flipper, born a slave, was the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy at West Point. In 1943, the Women's Army Corps or "WACs" received full status in the Armed Forces with over 150,000 WACs serving in World War II. While women had served in every American conflict, WW II was the first time women's contributions to the war effort were embraced. General Douglas MacArthur called the WACs "my best soldiers," adding that they "worked harder, complained less, and were better disciplined than men." Of course, not all of our history is positive. It is important to note a stirring testimonial to the power of the human spirit, selfless service, and immigrant patriotism that arose during this dark time. Thousands of Japanese Americans, many coming from internment camps themselves, volunteered to serve in the Army during WW II even while many of their family members remained in US internment camps. Today the U.S. Army and the Armed Forces at large includes all races, genders, religions and ethnic groups. On September 20th of 2011, the United States repealed the law known as, "Don't Ask, Don't Tell," removing all barriers to service based on sexual orientation. Since the repeal of DADT, we have seen no impact on recruiting or retention, and no issues related to the treatment of Gay or Lesbian Soldiers.
The Army Today Diversity Strategy I believe our current Army Vice Chief of Staff, General Peter Chiarelli described our task well when he said, "Every Soldier adds to the great diversity of our formations, and it is our leaders at all levels who find and unlock the hidden potential of every Soldier, empowering them to become part of our band of brothers and sisters." The Army has always strived to accommodate individual religious beliefs and practices, and we have seen an increase in requests for exceptions to uniform policy for religious reasons. For example, three Sikh Soldiers requested to have beards, unshorn hair and to wear turbans. Two of these Soldiers are doctors and one is a medic. Two Muslim Soldiers, both doctors, and a Jewish chaplain have requested to have beards. We review all requests for religious accommodation against military necessity, and make every attempt to balance our military requirements with individual religious based requests while ensuring that we do not jeopardize the Army's mission. We have also recently completed a review of Women in the Army and the roles and responsibilities assigned to them. The Army's current assignment policy allows female Soldiers to serve in any officer or enlisted specialty or position, except in those specialties, positions, or units (battalion size or smaller) which are assigned a routine mission to engage in direct combat, or which collocate with units assigned a direct combat mission. As a result of this review, the Army is considering elimination of its collocation restriction and potentially opening additional specialties that were previously closed to women. Recruiting strategies for changing demographics We have undertaken targeted recruiting strategies in recent years to meet our mission requirements. One such strategy we implemented in 2009 was a pilot program called, Military Accessions Vital to the National Interests, or MAVNI. This program ran for a year and gave legal aliens with skills considered to be vital to national interest - doctors, nurses, and certain language experts - the opportunity to expedite the naturalization process by serving in the U.S. military. Normally, permanent residents who enlist in the U.S. military must be lawful permanent residents (hold a green card) before they can enlist. However, through the MAVNI program, asylums, refugees, and those in certain non-immigrant visa categories could obtain citizenship without first becoming a permanent resident. US law ensures that the sacrifice of non-citizens during a time of national need is met with an opportunity for early citizenship, to recognize their contribution and sacrifice. In fact, today's service members are eligible for expedited citizenship under a July 2002 Executive Order, and the military services have worked closely with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to streamline citizenship processing for service members. Another area in which we face challenges is in screening out potential problems. There are individuals and groups throughout the United States who hold extremist views that are inconsistent with the ideals of the nation and the Army. White Supremacy Groups and ethnic criminal gangs are a few of the prominent examples. We do our best to ensure that we do not allow these individuals access to our ranks. We consider racism and bigotry intolerable as they undermine the trust we have in each other as Soldiers. Beyond diversity of race, ethnicity and gender, the Army is focused on diversity of talent. Less than one of four young Americans qualified for military service. They are not qualified for several reasons including medical, education/aptitude, and misconduct. We need the very best serving in our ranks.
Closing Remarks I want to leave you with one final thought. General Bostick, January, 13th, 2012, Ifri.
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关键词 | army Citizenship race issues United States |
URL | https://www.ifri.org/en/publications/editoriaux/racial-integration-lessons-us-army |
来源智库 | French Institute of International Relations (France) |
资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/415601 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 3-star U.S. Army General BOSTICK. Racial integration - Lessons from the U.S. Army Intervention at the "Business and the State: Migration Policies, Diversity and Integration" international conference, January 13th, 2012 - Ifri. 2012. |
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