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Since gaining independence in 1960, Somalia has enjoyed only a few periods of stability. Wars with neighbouring countries – Ethiopia in particular – have persisted, causing serious internal issues, especially since the fall of dictator Siad Barre in 1991. Four causes explain this chronic instability: the incapacity to create a strong state, the battle for resources, the rise of radical Islam, and the high frequency of external interventions.

Article published in Politique étrangère, vol. 80, n°3, Autumn 2015.