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If elections for the Knesset took place these days, the allocation of seats would look as follows, according to a poll conducted by the leading Israeli polling institute Dahaf for the newspaper Jediot Achronot (the numbers in brackets indicate the election results from February 2009):

• 25 (27) Likud (national conservative, government)

• 21 (13) Avoda (social democratic, opposition)

• 13 (15) Yisrael Beiteinu (secular nationalist, government)

• 13 (--) Yesh Atid (new, civil-liberal protest party, not yet in the parliament)

• 10 (11) Shas (ultra-orthodox-Sephardic, government)

• 07 (28) Kadima (centre/centre right, opposition)

• 06 (04) National Union (radical nationalist, opposition)

• 04 (03) Meretz-Yachad (liberal left – social democratic, opposition)

• 04 (05) United Torah Judaism (ashkenazi, government)

• 04 (03) The Jewish Home (national religious, government)

• 11 (11) Hadash, Ra’am-Ta’al, Balad (left, primarily Arabic, opposition)

• 02 (--) Independence (split-off from Avoda, government party with 5 mandates)

• 62 (65) “right-wing parties”

• 58 (55) “centre-left parties”

Out of the three contemplable politicians from Kadima – Shaul Mofaz, Tzipi Livni and Ehud Olmert – whose parliamentarians are now in the opposition again, none is a serious aspirant for this role: Mofaz, who had led Kadima into the “National Unity Government” against opposition within his own party, is affected by a serious loss of credibility and authority after ten weeks in the coalition. His reputation to be a better party strategist than Tzipi Livni, whom he defeated in an inner-party power struggle , has suffered.

Livni still has many supporters among the followers of Kadima, especially among those who until now used to vote for the party. Nevertheless, it is also true that many fellow party members hold her responsible for the decline of Kadima during the current legislative period. Finally, Olmert’s tenure as Prime Minister (2006-2009) left a positive impression for many of Kadima’s members and supporters. But even though some of the most serious accusations have been relieved, he is still impaired by the corruption trials initiated against him.

But even apart from that, cohesion within Kadima is at risk. Some of its parliamentarians are toying with the thought of returning to Likud, their former political home. Thereby they would stabilise Prime Minister Netanyahu’s power base and diminish the probability of early elections.

What happens to the backlog of reforms?

Mofaz had justified Kadima’s participation in an “oversized coalition”, which had an exorbitant majority of 94 to 26 seats, by claiming that the backlog of domestic reforms could only be solved this way. Accordingly, the coalition agreement with Likud envisaged the following points:

• The coalition will pass an alternative to the “Tal Law” on haredi (ultra-Orthodox) conscription by August 1.
• The coalition will change the electoral system by the end of the year. The new system will be used in the next general election. (Through this reform proposal, the two largest Knesset factions aim to countervail the fragmentation of the Israeli party system, for example by raising the barrier for entering the Knesset, which is currently at 2%. Thereby, the extortion potential of the small ultra-orthodox and national-religious parties should be neutralised and the governmental system stabilised.)
• The coalition will draft a national emergency budget with a more equal allocation of resources.

Apparently, the plans for a reform of the budget are also worthless. Seen from a strategic point of view, this is not a fundamental problem for Netanyahu. The protest movement of summer 2011, which had clearly exposed the backlog of domestic reforms and which had put all political parties – not only the government – under immense pressure to act, does – so far – not experience a strong revival in 2012. Hence, the government’s tendency to “Keep it up!” is strengthened.

Before its short participation in the government, Kadima had to deal with accusations that it had not made use of the dynamics of the protests, coming from the Israeli middle-class , to present itself as an alternative in the opposition. After the withdrawal from the coalition it will not get a second chance to distinguish itself. Instead, the new party Yesh Atid has developed into a non-parliamentary competitor which is striving for the Knesset.

The KAS-supported Israeli-Palestinian poll from June 2012 shows, that a hypothetical “Party of the Social Protests” would gain significantly less support today than it did in September 2011. There are several reasons for this development. Firstly, the Labor party (Avoda) and Yesh Atid apparently managed to win over parts of the protesters. Above all, however, the political agenda shifted from domestic problems to foreign and security matters. It is especially Likud under Netanyahu’s leadership who benefits from this shift. In the face of new threats on the border to Egypt, insecurities regarding the consequences of the civil war in Syria, concerns about the Iranian nuclear plans and the recent attack on Israeli tourists in Bulgaria, a rhetoric and policy of “Security first!” is well received by many voters. The hopes of Mofaz’ supporters, that the new leader of Kadima, a former Chief of the Gen-eral Staff and Minister of Defense, could meet the current Prime Minister as equal in matters of foreign and security policy, have not been met.

Stalemate in the peace process

One part of the coalition agreement between Kadima and Likud was the announcement that they would aim to advance the peace process in a responsible manner. However, the “National Unity Government” also failed to give new stimuli in this respect. Even though the two-state solution based on the Oslo-Agreements from 1993 and 1995 still is the declared policy of Netanyahu , the Israeli settlement policy makes the disentanglement of Israeli and Palestinian territories increasingly difficult.

The “Levy Report” , authored by a committee appointed by the Netanyahu government, arrived at the conclusion “that from the point of view of international law, the classical laws of "occupation" as set out in the relevant international conventions cannot be considered applicable to the unique and sui generis historic and legal circumstances of Israel's presence in Judea and Samaria spanning over decades.”

Among Israelis, 56% support a two-state solution, while 60% oppose a one-state-solution with equal rights for Arabs and Jews. Nevertheless, nearly as many, 58%, believe that the two-state solution is doomed to failure . Regarding the question, whether most of the Is-raeli settlements in the West Bank should be dismantled in the framework of a peace agreement with the Palestinians, the public opinion is split. The number of the opponents of such a dismantling (50%) is slightly bigger than the number of its supporters (45%). As this majority is probably equivalent to large parts of the electorate of the Netanyahu gov-ernment, a change before the next Knesset-elections is not to be expected for electoral reasons.