| 来源类型 | Article |
| 规范类型 | 其他 |
| DOI | 10.1002/we.1941 |
| ISBN | 1095-4244 |
| Valuing the manufacturing externalities of wind energy: assessing the environmental profit and loss of wind turbines in Northern Europe. | |
| Sovacool, Benjamin K; Munoz Perea, Marco Alberto; Alfredo, Villa Matamoros; Enevoldsen, Peter | |
| 发表日期 | 2016-08-01 |
| 出处 | Wind Energy |
| 出版者 | Wiley |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 页码 | 1623-1647 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | This study draws from a concept from green accounting, lifecycle assessment, and industrial ecology known as 'environmental profit and loss” (EP&L) to determine the extent of externalities across the manufacturing lifecycle of wind energy. So far, no EP&Ls have involved energy companies and none have involved wind energy or wind turbines. We perform an EP&L for three types of wind turbines sited and built in Northern Europe (Denmark and Norway) by a major manufacturer: a 3.2 MW onshore turbine with a mixed concrete steel foundation, a 3.0 MW offshore turbine with a steel foundation, and a 3.0 MW offshore turbine with a concrete foundation. For each of these three turbine types, we identify and monetize externalities related to carbon dioxide emissions, air pollution, and waste. We find that total environmental losses range from €1.1 million for the offshore turbine with concrete foundation to €740,000 for onshore turbines and about €500,000 for an offshore turbine with steel foundation—equivalent to almost one-fifth of construction cost in some instances. We conclude that carbon dioxide emissions dominate the amount of environmental damages and that turbines need to work for 2.5 to 5.5 years to payback their carbon debts. Even though turbines are installed in Europe, China and South Korea accounted for about 80% of damages across each type of turbine. Lastly, two components, foundations and towers, account for about 90% of all damages. We conclude with six implications for wind energy analysts, suppliers, manufacturers, and planners. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| URL | http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/62404/ |
| 来源智库 | Science Policy Research Unit (United Kingdom) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/468756 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Sovacool, Benjamin K,Munoz Perea, Marco Alberto,Alfredo, Villa Matamoros,et al. Valuing the manufacturing externalities of wind energy: assessing the environmental profit and loss of wind turbines in Northern Europe.. 2016. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| wind energy article （696KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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