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Under the base scenario it is concluded that ICE vehicles (the conventional alternative) have the lowest total cost of ownership (TCO) per kilometer-driven (sans taxes); accounting for costs of externalities does not changes the priorities under this scenario. The breakdown of ownership cost structure further emphasizes the cost disparity between electric drivetrain variants and the ICE in existing vehicle purchase prices. In addition, findings suggest that as the vehicle is more electric-based, costs of driving, maintenance and externalities diminish – both in absolute values, as well as their share in the TCO. As mileage increases, the advantages of electrical vehicles outweigh their shortcomings from the consumer's perspective; as it turns out, plug-in hybrid electrical vehicles were found to have the highest TCO in most of the examined scenarios.