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An integral part of the social services safety net, child welfare agencies often act as the provider of last resort. While the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) made few changes to federal child protection programs specifically, provisions of the legislation have potentially far-reaching effects on the child welfare system. This brief explores the implications of the new welfare regulations on the funds available for child protection programs, states' ability to collect federal foster care and adoption assistance reimbursements, and state methods for financing kinship foster care.