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The number of children eligible for and enrolled in Medicaid and CHIP increased in recent years. As a consequence, the number of eligible but uninsured kids fell by about 340,000 between 2008 and 2009. Rates of participation in Medicaid/CHIP increased, from 82.1 to 84.8 percent nationally, with sixteen states achieving participation rates of 90 percent or higher in 2009. This report suggests that the high participation rates among children over the past few years are likely due in part to ongoing federal and state policy efforts aimed at improving enrollment and retention among children.