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This report presents estimates that, for each state, measure the need for the Food Stamp Program (FSP) and the program’s effectiveness in each of the three years from 2003 to 2005. The estimated numbers of people eligible for the FSP measure the need for the program. The estimated FSP participation rates measure, state by state, the program’s performance in reaching its target population. In addition to the participation rates that pertain to all eligible people, we derived estimates of participation rates for the “working poor,” that is, people who were eligible for the FSP and lived in households in which someone earned income from a job.