全球智库信息集成服务系统(G2TT): Quantification of Exposure to Fecal Contamination in Open Drains in Four Neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana

G2TT

来源类型	Publication
	Quantification of Exposure to Fecal Contamination in Open Drains in Four Neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana
	Stephanie R. Gretsch; Joseph A. Ampofo; Kelly K. Baker; Julie Clennon; Clair A. Null; Dorothy Peprah; Heather Reese; Katharine Robb; Peter Teunis; Nii Wellington; Habib Yakubu; and Christine L. Moe
发表日期	2016-04-30
出版者	Journal of Water and Health, vol. 14, no. 2
出版年	2016
语种	英语
概述	In low-income countries, rapid urbanization adds pressure to already stressed water and sanitation systems that are critical to the health of communities.",
摘要	In low-income countries, rapid urbanization adds pressure to already stressed water and sanitation systems that are critical to the health of communities. Drainage networks, designed for stormwater but commonly used for disposing of waste, are rarely covered completely, allowing residents to easily come into contact with their contents. This study used spatial mapping, documentation of physical drain characteristics, microbiological analysis of drain samples, and behavioral observation to comprehensively examine drains as a route of exposure to fecal contamination in four low-income neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana. A stochastic model of six likely exposure scenarios was constructed to estimate children's exposure to drain water. Regardless of the age of the child, any exposure scenario considered resulted in exposure to a high level of fecal contamination. Fecal contamination levels in drains were high (Escherichia coli: geometric mean (GM), 8.60 cfu log₁₀/100 mL; coliphage: GM, 5.56 pfu log₁₀/100 mL), and did not differ by neighborhood or physical drain characteristics, indicating that frequency of contact with drains, and not drain type or location, drives exposure risk. To mitigate health risks associated with this exposure, drains should be covered, with priority given to large concrete and small to medium dirt-lined drains that children were most commonly observed entering.
URL	https://www.mathematica.org/our-publications-and-findings/publications/quantification-of-exposure-to-fecal-contamination-in-open-drains-in-four-neighborhoods
来源智库	Mathematica Policy Research (United States)
资源类型	智库出版物
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/488482
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Stephanie R. Gretsch,Joseph A. Ampofo,Kelly K. Baker,et al. Quantification of Exposure to Fecal Contamination in Open Drains in Four Neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana. 2016.