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Objective. To determine the association between Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and pantry use.

Design. A pretest–posttest design that compared pantry use at program enrollment and after 6 months of participation while controlling for household, economic, and geographic characteristics.

Setting. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance ProgramFood Security Survey: a national telephone survey of SNAP new-entrant households conducted in 2011–2012.

Participants. A total of 3,191 households that completed baseline interviews and were still participating in SNAP approximately 6 months later.

Main outcome measure. Received emergency food from pantries in the past 30 days.

Analysis. Logistic regression analysis of pantry use with SNAP participation and time-varying household characteristics as independent variables. Statistical significance was assessed using t tests. The authors applied a Bonferroni adjustment to account for multiple comparisons performed.

Results. Participating in SNAP for 6 months was associated with a decrease in pantry use by 5.2 percentage points (P < .001), representing a 24% reduction (from 21.8% to 16.6%).

Conclusions and implications. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefit allotments are sufficient for some households, but 76% of SNAP households that enter the program while using pantries continue to do so about 6 months later, which underscores the need to assess the adequacy of SNAP benefit allotments in ensuring access to sufficient food for a healthy, active life.