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In September 2000, world leaders at the United Nations Millennium Summit committed their nations to reducing extreme poverty and set targets, known as the Millennium Development Goals, with a deadline of 2015. The Millennium Villages Project was a 10-year, multisector, rural development project, initiated in 2005, operating across ten sites in ten sub-Saharan African countries to achieve these goals. The project implemented interventions in poverty, agriculture, nutrition, education, health, and infrastructure. In this journal article, the authors estimate the project's impact, target attainment, and on-site spending. The impact estimation uses retrospectively selected comparison villages that best matched the project villages on possible confounding variables.