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There is growing interest among policymakers in the United States (U.S.) about income support programs for people with disabilities in other developed countries. Lessons learned by these programs can help inform changes to U.S. programs that provide income support program to this population. Some studies have examined the effects of major program reforms in other countries but there has been limited focus in describing these programs’ rules, processes, and reforms in detail. In this manuscript, we describe the United Kingdom’s (U.K.) recent income support programs for people with disabilities in detail. In the mid-2000s, the U.K. developed a new disability income support program—Employment and Support Allowance (ESA). Among ESA’s key objectives was to reduce the U.K.’s expenditures on income support for people with disabilities (as a share of gross domestic product) and empower people with disabilities to enter or re-enter the labor force after receiving some assistance.