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National financing strategies will play a decisive role in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals.

But the development finance landscape has dramatically changed since the early 2000s: there are now more development finance providers than ever before, offering a new ‘age of choice’ in financing options to developing countries. Governments need to better understand the sources of finance and potential partnerships available to them if they are to capitalise on this age of choice in a way that effectively supports their national objectives.

This report and case studies examine the viewpoints of developing country governments on this new age of choice in general, and on non-traditional sources of development finance - defined as 'beyond official development assistance (ODA)' - in particular. It looks at the ‘beyond ODA flows’ (BOFs) that developing countries can select, explores their choices and the factors that shape them.

The findings in this report are based on nine country case studies that were carried out in stable lower-income countries (Ethiopia, Uganda, Ghana, Senegal, Kenya, Zambia) and lower-middle-income countries (Cambodia, Viet Nam and Lao PDR) from from 2012 to 2015, drawing on interviews with government officials, development partners and civil society organisations.