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Objective Analysis. Effective Solutions.

The independent Review on AMR led by the economist Jim O'Neill commissioned RAND Europe to conduct a study estimating the global costs of antimicrobial resistance until 2050 in the absence of any progress in tackling the challenge. We developed a general equilibrium model, which calculated the extent of losses to the world economy caused by decreases in the supply of labour resulting from resistant hospital acquired infections and selected major infectious diseases (HIV, TB, malaria). Our approach incorporated a set of seven scenarios with varying rates of future resistance, time of onset of increases in resistance, and availability of effective second-line therapy.

• Chapter One

  Introduction

• Chapter Two

  Conceptual approach and scope of the study

• Chapter Three

  Method: A dynamic general equilibrium model

• Chapter Four

  Applying the theoretical model to AMR

• Chapter Five

  Results

• Chapter Six

  Sensitivity analyses and additional calculations

• Chapter Seven

  Discussion

• Chapter Eight

  Conclusion

• Appendix A

  Regional groupings

• Appendix B

  Detailed discussion of health data components

• Appendix C

  Detailed description of the economic data: social accounting matrix

• Appendix D

  Summary of assumptions and limitations