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• There is some evidence from the literature that gatekeeper training can improve knowledge about suicide, beliefs and attitudes about suicide prevention, self-efficacy to intervene, and reluctance to intervene.
• The transfer of knowledge, beliefs, and skills learned in training to actual intervention behavior is largely unstudied.
• Individual and contextual factors are associated with how effective gatekeeping programs will be.
• Existing gatekeeping programs are heterogeneous.

In recent years, the rising rate of suicides by military personnel has generated concern among policymakers, military leaders, and the public at large. Based on a recommendation from an earlier RAND report on preventing suicide among military personnel, this report reviews the literature on gatekeeper models of suicide prevention to better understand what is known about the effectiveness of gatekeepers and gatekeeper training. The report presents a theoretical model describing how gatekeeper training may influence individual knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes that may, in turn, result in intervention behaviors. It then reviews the evidence supporting each of the relationships presented in this model, and concludes with recommendations for advancing research in this field.

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Objective Analysis. Effective Solutions.