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A Framework for Measuring Energy System Resilience

• The building blocks of resilience are inputs, which define what is available to support resilience. At the input level, metrics tend to describe the amount of energy produced, transmitted, or stored or the number of people, facilities, or equipment available to support this.
• The ways in which inputs are organized to support resilience are called capacities. Metrics describe the existence and extent of systems, policies, and organizations in place to support energy capabilities.
• Capability metrics reflect how well capacities can serve a system when they are needed.
• Performance metrics describe what is produced by an engineered system. Metrics describe the quality, amount, and efficiency of the services being provided.
• In the end, the performance of energy systems depends on how the systems generate the outcomes that society is seeking to achieve. At the outcome level, metrics describe how energy influences aspects of societal welfare through health, safety, and the economy.

The State of Energy System Resilience Metrics

• The metrics present a complex picture of how resilience is managed and measured in energy systems. While many metrics exist, there is no single metric or set of metrics for each purpose.
• The literature review discovered more papers and metrics for electricity systems than for systems for oil or natural gas.
• The literature reviewed pays more attention to metrics for the more detailed levels of facilities and systems.
• Regional and national metrics identified focus more on aspects of performance and outcomes.

The U.S. economy depends on reliable and affordable distribution of energy. However, energy distribution systems are vulnerable to a diverse and dynamic set of disruptions. In response, the U.S. Department of Energy is developing strategy to improve the resilience of the nation's energy systems, and it asked RAND to develop a framework for measuring the resilience of energy distribution systems and to summarize the state of metrics for resilience of the electric power, refined oil, and natural gas distribution systems. This report summarizes the concepts addressed by measures of resilience, describes a framework for organizing alternative metrics used to measure resilience of energy distribution systems, and reviews the state of metrics for resilience of energy distribution systems.

To better understand how industry, governments, and communities measure the resilience of energy systems, authors reviewed 58 published reports and peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1997 and 2014. The literature review provides examples of the many approaches that are being used to measure resilience of energy systems, and it highlights that measures must be selected based on the decision context being supported. The report also suggests recommendations that could improve the metrics available to support energy policy.

• Chapter One

  Measuring Resilience of Energy Distribution Systems

• Chapter Two

  Defining Resilience of Infrastructure Systems

• Chapter Three

  A Framework for Organizing Resilience Metrics

• Chapter Four

  Existing Metrics for Resilience of Electricity, Refined Oil, and Natural Gas Systems

• Chapter Five

  Developing Metrics for Energy Resilience