全球智库信息集成服务系统

High-Risk Operations Illustrate Best Practices and Lessons Learned Even for Organizations with Low Risk Tolerance

• Resilient organizations must prepare for the full spectrum of impact, not just the most likely impact, within practical and financial constraints.
• These organizations establish shared mission awareness by optimizing access to information, emphasizing overall mission objectives, and supporting error reporting and identification of potential problems.
• These organizations build system-specific training programs led by experts.
• These organizations establish a clear hierarchy for decisionmaking, but balance this with appropriate flexibility allotted to personnel.

Adaptability and Flexibility Should Be Measured and Evaluated as an Important Metric for Resilience

• Threats can be addressed by building a systematic approach that addresses specific threats in a way that increases general resilience.
• Increased visibility into a system allows enhancements to efficiency and can show how to mitigate vulnerability.
• Flexibility of personnel and operations can be facilitated using standardized processes, disaggregation, and decision postponement.
• Support of a comprehensive understanding of all operations helps to build a dynamic culture that can increase organizational flexibility and responsiveness. Dynamic cultures are sometimes built by fostering continuous communication, distributing decisionmaking power, creating passion for work, and training for disruption.

Following a Disaster, Both Prior Experience and Trained Personnel Can Help to Minimize Recovery Time

• Evacuation procedures in response to a threat event, or full-scale exercises conducted prior to threat impact can reveal more efficient methods and time-saving measures that can be incorporated into a periodically edited emergency response plan.
• Incorporating lessons learned from response-planning exercises, false alarms, or earlier emergencies can significantly increase the efficiency and efficacy of future response efforts.
• During disaster response, time is critical, and the speed with which the source of the failure can be identified and addressed is a primary metric for resilience.
• Having experienced personnel on call, supporting shared mission awareness among all personnel, and establishing coordinated reporting procedures can minimize response times during an emergency.

In an effort to support U.S. Air Force space community resilience objectives, researchers conducted a review of the academic literature defining and describing resiliency in various domains, and case-study reports about how organizations build resilient missions. This report summarizes key findings from this review that have broad application to any organization seeking to enhance resilience, which includes the space community. This report presents the approaches taken by three different types of communities to develop and maintain resilient operations. The discussion presented in this report illustrates three methods for building resilience, each illustrated by the approach of one community; resilience through withstanding an adverse event (impact avoidance and robustness), resilience through adaptation and flexibility, and resilience through recovery and restoration. These approaches are broadly described in this report as: withstand, adapt, and recover. Communities seeking to develop more resilient operations can gain insight from applying the various methods described in the literature, and applying lessons derived from similar operational environments and how they addressed resilience. Recognizing that any given organization can incorporate all three of these approaches in various parts of an overall resilience plan, this report seeks to highlight organizations that will be most likely to emphasize one of these approaches over another.

• Chapter One

  Introduction

• Chapter Two

  Definitions, Characteristics, and Assessments of Resilience

• Chapter Three

  Withstand: Hazardous Industries

• Chapter Four

  Adapt and Respond: Supply-Chain Risk Management

• Chapter Five

  Recover: Disaster Response and Recovery-Oriented Resilience

• Chapter Six

  Summary of Themes and Methods for Building Resilience