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DoD Civilian Deployment Practice Does Not Always Align with Policy Goals

• The impetus for establishing a DoD's civilian expeditionary workforce was to fill low-density, high-demand positions not easily filled by the uniformed military. In practice, expeditionary civilians have been used to reduce stress on the uniformed military, reduce the military's reliance on contractors, and circumvent limits on the deployment of additional uniformed military personnel.
• DoD policy guidance states a preference for expeditionary civilians when available and cost-effective. However, uncertainty about the nature and scale of future contingencies could shift this priority.
• There are few incentives to encourage home offices to allow their civilians to deploy in support of other DoD organizations. These offices must pay the civilian's salary while he or she is deployed and may need to backfill these positions and reintegrate the civilian upon return.
• There are also few incentives for civilians to volunteer to deploy. Doing so may hinder their career progression.

DoD's Civilian Deployment Concept Requires Modifications to Endure

• U.S. Central Command is the largest requestor of expeditionary civilians. Other combatant commands were less aware of the potential benefits of this workforce, perceived civilians as an unreliable labor source, or did not see a need for these capabilities.
• There has been little formal analysis comparing the cost to deploy a civilian with the cost to deploy military personnel or contractors. A better understanding of these relative costs across DoD would help policymakers and other officials determine the best circumstances under which to deploy civilians.

U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Directive 1404.10 (2009) mandates a reliance on military and civilian capabilities to meet national security requirements and requires the identification of a subset of civilians to be organized, trained, and equipped to respond to expeditionary requirements. DoD policy on expeditionary civilians has yet to be fully implemented, however. This end-to-end review and analysis of DoD civilian deployment aims to inform DoD's policy and practice for using deployable civilians to meet mission needs ten to 20 years into the future. It assesses the viability of DoD's civilian deployment framework in meeting its current policy goals, identifies gaps between policy and practice, and proposes a systematic approach to developing and maintaining a civilian deployment capability that meets the current and future needs of U.S. combatant commands. The findings and conclusions are informed by a detailed policy review and interviews with more than 80 officials from organizations that deploy civilians, including DoD, the military services, the combatant commands, and analogous U.S. and foreign government agencies. The study was the first to review in detail combatant command requirements for expeditionary civilian capabilities. Looking ahead, lessons and insights from analogous organizations' approaches to civilian deployment could inform DoD civilian deployment policy and practice.

• Chapter One

  Introduction

• Chapter Two

  Civilian Deployment in Policy Versus Practice

• Chapter Three

  Combatant Command Utilization of DoD Expeditionary Civilians

• Chapter Four

  Alternative Civilian Deployment Models

• Chapter Five

  Conclusion and Recommendations: A Framework for the Future

• Appendix A

  Glossary of Key Terms

• Appendix B

  Organizational Affiliations of Interviewees