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The Behavioral Analysis Presents Evidence About Risk Factors That Multiple Behaviors Share

• The common risk factors are attitudes about problematic behaviors, an organizational climate that fosters or discourages the problematic behavior, and access to the means to engage in the problematic behavior.
• These factors are linked, and targeted, multidimensional prevention strategies could address them.
• Attitudes seem to predict problematic behavior best when organizational context also supports the behavior. Limiting access to the means of performing a problematic behavior can reduce the likelihood of the behavior occurring.
• Combined prevention strategies could be developed for multiple problematic behaviors.

OSD Should Consider Changes in How It Oversees and Coordinates Efforts to Prevent Problematic Behavior

• Some of the practices that OSD employs to address certain problematic behaviors do not conform to basic managerial principles.
• Structures focused on products or services that contain all the functional elements needed to perform their tasks are better suited to achieving oversight and coordination objectives than structures that are organized along functional lines are.
• OSD needs better tracking and accountability mechanisms for problematic behaviors.
• Personnel and funds for some efforts to address problematic behavior are being stretched to the point that mandated tasks cannot be done or cannot be done well within specified time periods.
• OSD has limited resources to devote to overseeing departmental efforts aimed at addressing problematic behaviors, and these resources are distributed widely and unevenly.

Pressures inside and outside the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to reduce the incidence of problematic behaviors within the military are inducing the Office of the Secretary of Defense to rethink how it is organized to oversee and coordinate DoD's varied behavior-mitigation efforts. This report provides the results of a RAND study that examined the integration of programs for addressing a specified set of problematic behaviors: sexual harassment, sexual assault, unlawful discrimination, substance abuse, suicide, and hazing. The report combines the results of the two major lines of research: the first related to the development of a typology of common problematic behavior risk and protective factors and prevention methods based on a review of the behavioral science literature, and the second related to the organization, coordination, oversight, and managerial practices of programs to address problematic behavior based on document analysis and policy discussions with DoD and service headquarters officials. Following a discussion of findings from the two lines of research, the report lays out a series of recommendations for the Office of the Secretary of Defense to improve its understanding of the interrelationships among problematic behaviors and its oversight and coordination of programs to address those behaviors.

• Chapter One

  Introduction

• Chapter Two

  Identifying Common Risk Factors Across the Six Problematic Behaviors

• Chapter Three

  Identifying Common Prevention Interventions for the Six Problematic Behaviors

• Chapter Four

  The Office of the Secretary of Defense's Strategic-Level Organization to Address Problematic Behavior

• Chapter Five

  Structural Alternatives for Addressing Problematic Behavior Within the Office of the Secretary of Defense

• Chapter Six

  Conclusions and Recommendations

• Appendix A

  Prevalences of Six Problematic Behaviors Within the Military

• Appendix B

  Interview Protocol

• Appendix C

  Service Organizations to Address Problematic Behavior and Perspectives on Office of the Secretary of Defense Oversight and Coordination