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The authors identified six best practices for engagement:

• Expand existing community partnerships to build awareness of precision medicine and prepare community members for considering enrollment in the AoURP.
• Foster a spectrum of leadership support to identify well-placed allies who can help with participant engagement.
• Engage a mix of study champions by involving physicians, other clinical personnel, community members, and enrolled participants.
• Make precision medicine relevant to participant and community priorities by tailoring and personalizing messages about the AoURP.
• Build an engagement team with diverse expertise by hiring staff with marketing, customer care, or public relations experience who also understand community priorities and know the clinical sites where recruitment takes place.
• Be prepared to talk about uncertainties related to the evolving nature of the AoURP.

The authors developed the three Ms of engagement framework for evaluating participant engagement process and its outcomes:

• This framework distinguishes between metrics, markers, and mechanisms of engagement.
• Metrics are counts and descriptions of what was done to engage participants.
• Markers are the outcomes or benefits that engagement in the AoURP may bring.
• Mechanisms are hypotheses that link metrics and markers and try to explain how engagement activities yielded the desired outcomes.

RAND researchers identified best practices for making potential participants aware of the All of Us Research Program (AoURP), enrolling them to participate, and retaining them within the program. The program's goal is to collect long-term survey data, electronic health records, physical measurements, and biospecimens from 1 million U.S. adults to build a diverse data set for health research. The AoURP is an ambitious and innovative research initiative led by the National Institutes of Health with a mission to "revolutionize how we improve health and treat disease." The expectation is that participants will remain involved with the AoURP for at least ten years. The AoURP is a key component of the Precision Medicine Initiative launched by President Barack Obama in January 2015. Precision medicine focuses on prevention and treatment strategies that take individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle into account.

Making potential participants aware of the program, enrolling them, and retaining them over a long period of time will require support from community leaders and clinical champions, as well as diverse engagement teams. Some potential participants are likely to be wary of such a bold national program. Therefore, critical first steps for participant and stakeholder engagement are to explain the program's goals and potential benefits in ways that participants can understand and to nurture an environment of trust with communities, as well as across and within regional medical centers. Because many important aspects of the AoURP are uncertain, engagement staff must know how to talk about these uncertainties.

• Chapter One

  Introduction

• Chapter Two

  Defining Best Practices and Outcomes of Engagement

• Chapter Three

  Laying the Foundation

• Chapter Four

  Leading by Example

• Chapter Five

  Capitalizing on Health Care Infrastructure

• Chapter Six

  Tailoring and Personalizing Communication

• Chapter Seven

  Building and Nurturing Engagement Teams

• Chapter Eight

  Dealing with Uncertainty

• Chapter Nine

  Markers of Engagement Success

• Chapter Ten

  Three Key Recommendations for Participant and Stakeholder Engagement

• Appendix

  Research Methods