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Key trends are evolving utility management, technologies, and business approaches

• In water and wastewater management, the focus has shifted from accessing new water sources to more efficiently managing existing ones — including reclaimed water and other nontraditional sources — and on more collaboration in water planning and management.
• The electric distribution system is evolving to a smart grid and from centralized to more-diverse power systems that feature mostly smaller distributed energy resources (DERs), with a rise of "prosumers" that produce and consume their own power (e.g., by using rooftop solar systems). As a result, electric utility business models are changing.
• Also, utilities are less able to rely on electricity commodity payments to recover all of their fixed costs, so they are experimenting with new rate structures (such as time of use and value of solar pricing) and business approaches, including nontraditional partnerships.
• In addition, because of the technical challenges associated with integrating and managing DERs, such as the intermittent availability of solar energy, electric utilities are finding that energy storage technologies are becoming more valuable for grid stability.

There are three options for reducing army installation utility costs

• These options are reducing commodity payments and contractual commitments, identifying alternative funding sources for energy and water system investments, and implementing nontraditional partnerships.
• Nontraditional partnership approaches that can cut costs include large-scale leasing and other outgrants and partnerships with state and local governments. Funds earned from outgrant projects can be used to help pay for some installation water and energy system investments, to enhance energy and water security, and to pay installation utility bills.
• The Army might wish to maintain flexibility in utility deals that would allow it to take greater advantage of utility market trends to save money and enhance energy security as market approaches evolve and as new technologies enter the market.

For a variety of reasons, many Army installations are facing significant and increasing monthly costs in their utility accounts for energy and water services. At the same time, Army installations need to find ways to support operations and installation readiness with declining budgets. The Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management (now called the Army Deputy Chief of Staff, G-9 Installations) asked RAND Arroyo Center to identify installations with a high level of contractual commitments and to assess alternative approaches that installations could take to reduce their utility bills while maintaining energy and water security and readiness. Researchers used available data sources to assess the relative magnitudes of different types of installation utility costs, then examined the implications of utility management and market trends in the water, electricity, and natural gas industries for Army installations. Researchers then identified options for reducing installation utility costs in three main areas: reducing commodity payments; finding alternative funding sources for energy and water efficiency technologies, infrastructure and other system investments; and leveraging nontraditional partnerships, particularly with state and local governments. The authors also provide recommendations to help reduce Army installation utility costs while maintaining or enhancing installation readiness.

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