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The authors find that Puerto Rico's transportation sector was suboptimal even before the hurricanes, suffering from a lack of resilience and numerous other problems.

• Before the storms, transportation was marked by roads and bridges in only fair condition, a public transportation system with low service provision and declining ridership, a high reliance on one seaport and one airport, declining cargo movements, and significant fiscal solvency concerns.
• Puerto Rico is very dependent on shipping for food and fuel, and cargo shipping is highly centralized at the Port of San Juan; planning efforts do not fully address the possible effects of the loss of shipments via San Juan in the event of a major storm or other disruption.
• There is an apparent lack of coordination among multiple operators in the various transit systems; the sheer number of owners, operators, and other stakeholders may complicate recovery and resilience efforts.
• The lack of an existing asset management system means that standardized information may not be available.
• Overall, the transportation infrastructure must be designed to be more resilient to future storms.
• The hurricanes produced widespread damage to the transportation sector, totaling an estimated $1.8 billion in repair costs and another $1.1 billion in recommended resilience upgrades. Although almost all facilities had reopened for service by spring 2018, many still require additional permanent work to bring them to a state of good repair.

Hurricanes Irma and Maria devastated Puerto Rico in September 2017. The Federal Emergency Management Agency asked the Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center to develop a long-range recovery plan for the damage to Puerto Rico, incorporating all of the sectors indicated in the National Disaster Recovery Framework. This report provides a comprehensive evaluation of the transportation sector. It includes a detailed description of prestorm conditions across surface, maritime, and air transportation; descriptions of the damage caused by the hurricanes, including physical damage and estimated costs to repair them; and a list of proposed courses of action selected by the government of Puerto Rico. Before the hurricanes, transportation in Puerto Rico was marked by roads and bridges in only fair condition, a public transportation system with low service provision and declining ridership, a high reliance on one seaport and one airport, declining cargo movements, and significant fiscal solvency concerns. The hurricanes produced widespread damage to the transportation sector, totaling an estimated $1.8 billion in repair costs and another $1.1 billion in recommended resilience upgrades. The recovery plan proposes 22 courses of action across all transportation modes, divided between repair and maintenance (such as new design standards for roads and bridges, and a "fix it first" policy); upgrades (such as an upgraded airport in the western half of the main island and enhancements to increase port resilience); new capacity (three highway projects and two transit corridors); and planning, policy, and management (such as intelligent transportation systems and consolidation of port ownership).

• Chapter One

  Background, Methods, and Data

• Chapter Two

  Damage Assessment: Surface Transportation

• Chapter Three

  Damage Assessment: Maritime Transportation

• Chapter Four

  Damage Assessment: Air Transportation

• Chapter Five

  Recovery and Economic Development Needs

• Chapter Six

  The Strategy for Recovery in Puerto Rico's Transportation Sector

• Chapter Seven

  Conclusions and Policy Implications

• Appendix A

  Courses of Action

• Appendix B

  Agencies Consulted