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• One of the striking findings from the analysis was the high degree of similarity in the predictors across genders and across sexual assault and sexual harassment outcomes.
• Besides being female, experiencing a pre-service sexual assault was the single biggest predictor of past-year sexual assault among service members. Being younger and being single were also among the strongest predictors of sexual assault and harassment.
• White men were generally at lower risk than men in other racial groups for sexual assault and harassment; however, white women were generally at higher risk than women in other racial groups were.
• After the authors controlled for factors associated with risk over which the military has no control, branch of service, entry type, and pay grade predicted sexual harassment risk for both service women and men.
• Prediction of sexual assault in the military could be substantially improved by including sexual orientation in the risk models.

This report describes analyses designed to identify service member and environmental characteristics that are associated with service members' risk of sexual assault or sexual harassment. The researchers find that experiencing pre-service sexual assault, being younger, and being single were all strong predictors of experiencing sexual assault and sexual harassment. Service history and unit environment characteristics were also associated with risk, although these effects were smaller. Risk factors for men and women and for sexual assault and sexual harassment were strongly correlated, suggesting that a common set of risk factors underlie these experiences for men and women. The authors conclude the report with recommendations for how the Department of Defense (DoD) can use the findings to modify programs and training that address sexual assault and sexual harassment. Data for these analyses were drawn from the 2014 RAND Military Workplace Study, an independent assessment of sexual assault and sexual harassment in the U.S. military.

• Chapter One

  Introduction

• Chapter Two

  Previous Research on Risk Factors for Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment

• Chapter Three

  Approach to Estimating Effect Sizes

• Chapter Four

  Risk Factors for Sexual Assault

• Chapter Five

  Risk Factors for Sexual Harassment

• Chapter Six

  Conclusions and Recommendations

• Appendix

  Simplified Risk Model