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USAF has no way to consistently measure ISR

• The process of planning and conducting USAF airborne ISR operations, along with the databases that support this process, are not designed for systematic, real-time, or retrospective analysis of how well ISR activities support particular overarching goals.
• As a result, there is no common assessment approach between (or even within) USAF airborne ISR organizations; very limited reliable, accurate data for conducting assessments about USAF airborne ISR; a lack of common terminology and data standards for assessments; and, in many cases, lack of either feedback from end users or access to the contextual information necessary for USAF airborne ISR analysts to make assessments.

The changes in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) and processing, exploitation, and dissemination (PED) capabilities over the past two decades have led to ever-increasing demand from warfighters. Commanders, planners, and operators across the U.S. Air Force (USAF) ISR enterprise face difficult decisions about how to best meet ISR needs at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels. Yet USAF currently lacks a consistent, quantitative, empirically grounded method of assessing the value that the service's airborne ISR provides — which is essential to good resourcing decisions. This report presents an approach to ISR assessments that seeks to articulate the costs and benefits of USAF airborne ISR in specific operational contexts. Though aspects of this may be applicable across different USAF ISR organizations, this work focused primarily on the Distributed Common Ground System and the operational theaters it does or could support. The assessment methodology is designed to be flexible enough to support ISR resourcing decisions at different echelons, yet consistent enough to foster feedback, standardize data collections, and make use of empirical analysis methodologies.

• Chapter One

  Understanding the ISR Assessment Challenge

• Chapter Two

  Step 1: Identify the ISR Resourcing and Employment Decisions

• Chapter Three

  Step 2: Select Cost and Benefit Indicators

• Chapter Four

  Step 3: Collect Data

• Chapter Five

  Step 4: Analyze the Value of ISR Using Real-World Data

• Chapter Six

  Step 4b: Analyze the Value of ISR Using Simulations

• Chapter Seven

  Step 5: Apply Results

• Chapter Eight

  Improving the USAF's ISR Assessments Capability: Conclusions and Recommendations Conclusions

• Appendix A

  HVI Simulation Analysis Results

• Appendix B

  Mathematical Model of Fixed Point Security

• Appendix C

  Takeaways from Review of Selected Intelligence Community and Commercial