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The mixed-methods analysis revealed common themes associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States

• Strategies to boost COVID-19 vaccine acceptance need to be tailored to root causes of hesitancy in different populations.
• Currently hesitant populations might be willing to obtain the vaccine if the right influencer helps to convey a recommendation to do so.

Strategies to boost acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine can be grouped within the World Health Organization's "three Cs" model of confidence, complacency, and convenience

• Boosting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the United States can be achieved by (1) boosting confidence in the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines, (2) combating complacency about the pandemic, and (3) increasing the convenience of getting vaccinated.
• Combating misinformation about the COVID-19 vaccine is key to achieving these goals.

This report presents the results of an evaluation of the root causes of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy to inform strategies to boost vaccine acceptance among vaccine-hesitant populations in the United States. The authors conducted a literature review of the causes of vaccine hesitancy and vaccine acceptance; focus groups with patients, pre-hospital first responders, and hospital-based health care providers; a social media platform sentiment analysis to review attitudes regarding the COVID-19 vaccine; and a roundtable discussion with experts on vaccine hesitancy.

Drawing on this mixed-methods analysis, the authors recommend strategies to help boost COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the United States, grouping them according to three overall goals: boosting confidence in the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines, combating complacency about the pandemic, and increasing the convenience of getting vaccinated. The authors emphasize that combating misinformation about the COVID-19 vaccine is key to achieving these goals. These recommendations can inform the development of a toolkit of strategies to reach herd immunity and end the pandemic.

• Chapter One

  Background and Objectives

• Chapter Two

  Environmental Scan

• Chapter Three

  Focus Groups

• Chapter Four

  Social Media Sentiment Analysis

• Chapter Five

  Expert Roundtable

• Chapter Six

  Recommendations

• Appendix A

  Environmental Scan Search Strategy

• Appendix B

  Social Media Analysis Search Terms

• Appendix C

  Semistructured Focus Group Interview Guide