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The authors analyzed all calls for service in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department (CMPD) system from 2015 through 2020

• The most frequent routine-priority call types were noise complaints, traffic accidents and infractions, and thefts from vehicles.
• Routine-priority calls accounted for 10 to 20 percent of calls at all hours of the day.
• Illegal parking, found property, sharing or requesting information, picking up property or evidence, and road blockages were the routine-priority call types associated with the lowest risk.
• A total of 261,439 calls (7 percent of all calls) were potentially related to mental health, substance abuse, and homelessness.
• Calls flagged as potentially related to mental health were overwhelmingly welfare checks (73.6 percent).
• Calls flagged for substance abuse were most often overdoses (54.1 percent).

Black residents in Charlotte were more likely to be stopped both as a driver and as a pedestrian and, when stopped, were more likely to be arrested

• The rate at which Black motorists were stopped was two to three times higher than the rate at which White motorists were stopped.
• Black pedestrians were stopped at much higher rates than White pedestrians were.
• White pedestrians were stopped at higher rates than Asian and Hispanic pedestrians were.
• Black motorists were requested for a consent to search at much higher rates than White motorists were.
• Asian motorists were much less likely to be stopped, much less likely to be requested for a consent to search when they were stopped, and less likely to be arrested as a result of a stop.

Under contract with Charlotte, North Carolina, the authors evaluated three of the six policing and public-safety recommendations in the city's SAFE Charlotte: Safety and Accountability for Everyone report. Recommendation 2 is about developing ways to implement a civilian response for low-risk duties. Recommendation 3 requested independent analysis of police–community member contact to determine the extent to which racial/ethnic bias is evident in policing in Charlotte. Recommendation 4 states that Charlotte's Community Policing Crisis Response Team should be expanded, and a specialized civilian responder model should be explored for those experiencing mental health crisis and homelessness.

The authors recommend two pilot programs: (1) a new team of clinicians who would deploy in pairs to provide services that could help address substance abuse, mental health, and homelessness and (2) a program that would delegate low-risk, low-priority calls to nonspecialized civilian responders. The estimated costs for the clinician team pilot would be approximately $850,000 for the first year. The estimated costs for the pilot of civilian responders for low-risk, low-priority calls would be approximately $1.4 million to $1.85 million for the first year. Local stakeholders should be involved in every aspect of development and implementation of all potential programs — from hiring to uniforms. The authors analyzed stop data, arrest data, and complaint data and found that Black residents in Charlotte were more likely to be stopped both as a driver and as a pedestrian and, when stopped, were more likely to be arrested.

• Chapter One

  Background

• Chapter Two

  SAFE recommendations 2 and 4: Alternative responses for low-risk calls and CPCRT Expansion

• Chapter Three

  SAFE Recommendation 3: Analysis of Police-Community Member Contact and Police Calls and Responses

• Chapter Four

  RAND Recommendations

• Appendix A

  Interview Protocols

• Appendix B

  Qualitative Codebook

• Appendix C

  Statistical Annex

• Appendix D

  Resource Guide

• Appendix E

  Job Descriptions