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• Though a consistent definition is lacking, at its core societal resilience appears to include the ability to absorb and bounce back from a crisis
• Societal resilience consists of three distinct but overlapping phases: Prepare, Respond and Recover.
• Resilience has both physical and psychological aspects. While Defence's ability to support physical resilience is clear, the nature of their contribution to psychological resilience is less so.
• There is a dearth of consistently used, objective metrics to measure societal resilience.
• Countries have structural differences that have led to their adaptation of different definitions and approaches to societal resilience.

Societal resilience, or the ability of societies to rebound from the shock of a crisis such as natural disaster or attack, has emerged as a key priority for governments in recent years. And all signs seem to indicate that these types of events will only increase in frequency, as climate change continues to progress and new and innovative methods of conducting cyber attacks proliferate and change hands. Recognising this trend, the DCDC commissioned this study through the Global Strategic Partnership (GSP) in order to understand lessons UK Defence might draw from other nations' approaches to promoting societal resilience, in order to support and enhance the credibility of the UK's resilience and deterrence posture in a competitive age. The study sought first to define societal resilience, understand why it is important, analyse lessons and good practice from other countries, and identify the lessons that are most relevant to UK Defence.

• Chapter One

  Introduction

• Chapter Two

  Scoping and analysing societal resilience

• Chapter Three

  Identifying societal resilience practices, trends and lessons in different countries

• Chapter Four

  Developing implications and recommendations for UK Defence

• Annex A

  Methodology

• Annex B

  Case Studies

• Annex C

  UK Societal Resilience Structures