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Key Findings

1. Existing civil liability law is flexible enough to address most hacked autonomous vehicle (AV) claims.
2. Makers of AVs and their component parts and software may face civil liability for criminal hacks on AVs.
3. Product liability laws — along with warranty law and state and federal privacy laws — are the most relevant bodies of law.
4. Manufacturers and operators should stay abreast of attacks on AVs and take precautions to avoid similar attacks and reduce liability exposure.
5. Government agencies and infrastructure providers may also be found liable if their negligence creates an opportunity for a cyberattack.
6. Some large-scale cyberattacks on AVs may not be insurable and could lead to uncompensated losses. Policymakers may wish to consider a government reinsurance backstop.