| 来源类型 | Discussion paper |
| 规范类型 | 论文 |
| 来源ID | DP2474 |
| DP2474 General Purpose Technology and Within-Group Inequality | |
| Peter Howitt; Philippe Aghion; Giovanni L. Violante | |
| 发表日期 | 2000-06-27 |
| 出版年 | 2000 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | The aim of this paper is to show that both location and stereotypical racial beliefs matter for explaining the high criminality rate among blacks in cities. In our model, blacks and whites are identical in all respects. However, if, for not economic but extrinsic reasons, everybody (including blacks) believes that more blacks become criminals than whites, then we show that more blacks (for rational reasons) become criminals than whites, earn lower wages and reside in ghettos located far away from legal activities. There is a vicious circle in which blacks cannot escape because both location and labour market outcomes reinforce each other to imply high crime rates among blacks living in cities. This is referred to as the discriminating equilibrium. If there are no such beliefs in the economy, then another equilibrium emerges in which blacks and whites experience the same labour market and crime outcomes and live together. This is referred to as the non-discriminating equilibrium. The key feature of this belief-based model is that multiple equilibria are sustainable only because of space. Indeed, since location is endogeneous, workers who are believed to be criminals have less incentives to locate close to jobs. Since workers that are located further away from jobs have a lower net wage, their risk of capture is lower and hence the incidence of crime is greater. Consequently, if there were no spatial dimension in this economy so that all workers were residing in the same location, multiple equilibria would not emerge and the only sustainable equilibrium would be the non-discriminating one, even if all agents believe that more blacks are criminals than whites. In other words, beliefs alone cannot generate the discriminating equilibrium; it is the presence of both 'negative' beliefs and 'bad' locations that allow the discriminating equilibrium to exist. It is thus our contention that location and beliefs play a major role in explaining the high criminality rate among blacks. |
| 主题 | Labour Economics ; Public Economics |
| 关键词 | Crime Self-fulfilling prejudices Urban black ghettos |
| URL | https://cepr.org/publications/dp2474 |
| 来源智库 | Centre for Economic Policy Research (United Kingdom) |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/531552 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Peter Howitt,Philippe Aghion,Giovanni L. Violante. DP2474 General Purpose Technology and Within-Group Inequality. 2000. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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