| 来源类型 | Discussion paper
|
| 规范类型 | 论文
|
| 来源ID | DP5834
|
| DP5834 On the Consequences of Demographic Change for Rates of Return to Capital, and the Distribution of Wealth and Welfare |
| Dirk Krueger; Alexander Ludwig
|
| 发表日期 | 2006-09-17
|
| 出版年 | 2006
|
| 语种 | 英语
|
| 摘要 | This paper uses a case study approach to explore the effects of NAFTA and GATT membership on innovation and trade in the Mexican soaps, detergents and surfactants (SDS) industry. Several basic findings emerge. First, the most fundamental effect of NAFTA and the GATT on the SDS industry was to help induce Wal-Mart to enter Mexico. Once there, Walmex fundamentally changed the retail sector, forcing SDS firms to cut their profit margins and/or innovate. Those unable to respond to this new environment tended to lose market share and, in some cases, disappear altogether. Second, partly in response to Walmex, many Mexican producers logged impressive efficiency gains during the previous decade. These gains came both from labour-shedding and from innovation, which in turn was fuelled by innovative input suppliers and by multinationals bringing new products and processes from their headquarters to Mexico. Finally, although Mexican detergent exports captured an increasing share of the U.S. detergent market over the past decade, Mexican sales in the U.S. were inhibited by a combination of excessive shipping delays at the border and artificially high input prices (due to Mexican protection of domestic caustic soda suppliers). They were also held back by the major re-tooling costs that Mexican producers would have had to incur in order to establish brand recognition among non-Latin consumers, and in order to comply with zero phosphate laws in many regions of the United States |
| 主题 | Industrial Organization
; International Trade and Regional Economics
|
| 关键词 | Trade liberalization
Fdi liberalization
Nafta
Gatt
Wto
Wal-mart
Retail sector reform
Technology transfer
Trucking
Multinational enterprises
|
| URL | https://cepr.org/publications/dp5834
|
| 来源智库 | Centre for Economic Policy Research (United Kingdom)
|
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物
|
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/534673
|
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714 |
Dirk Krueger,Alexander Ludwig. DP5834 On the Consequences of Demographic Change for Rates of Return to Capital, and the Distribution of Wealth and Welfare. 2006.
|
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