| 来源类型 | Discussion paper |
| 规范类型 | 论文 |
| 来源ID | DP6505 |
| DP6505 Maternal Education, Home Environments and theDevelopment of Children and Adolescents | |
| Costas Meghir; Pedro Carneiro; Matthias Parey | |
| 发表日期 | 2007-10-05 |
| 出版年 | 2007 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | Gender-based discrimination is a pervasive and costly phenomenon. To a greater or lesser extent, all economies present a gender wage gap, associated with lower female labour force participation rates and higher fertility. This paper presents a growth model where saving, fertility and labour market participation are endogenously determined, and there is wage discrimination. The model is calibrated to mimic the performance of the U.S. economy, including the gender wage gap and relative female labour force participation. We then compute the output cost of an increase in discrimination, to find that a 50 percent increase in the gender wage gap leads to a decrease in income per capita of a quarter of the original output. We then compile independent estimates of the female to male earnings ratio for a wide cross-section of countries to construct a new economy, in line with the benchmark U.S. economy, except for the degree of discrimination. We compare the level of output per capita predicted by this model economy with the actual output per capita for each country. Higher discrimination leads to lower output per capita for two reasons: a direct decrease in female labour market participation and an indirect effect through an increase in fertility. We find that for several countries a large fraction of the actual difference in output per capita between the U.S. and the different economies is due to gender inequality. For countries such as Ireland and Saudi Arabia, wage discrimination actually explains all of the output difference with the U.S. Moreover, we find that the increase in fertility due to discrimination is responsible for almost half of the decrease in output per capita, and equivalent to the direct decrease in output due to lower female participation. Our basic model suggests the costs of gender discrimination are indeed quite substantial and should be a central concern in any macroeconomic policy aimed at increasing output per capita in the long-run. |
| 主题 | Public Economics |
| 关键词 | Economic development Female labour force participation Fertility Gender inequality |
| URL | https://cepr.org/publications/dp6505 |
| 来源智库 | Centre for Economic Policy Research (United Kingdom) |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/535343 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Costas Meghir,Pedro Carneiro,Matthias Parey. DP6505 Maternal Education, Home Environments and theDevelopment of Children and Adolescents. 2007. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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