全球智库信息集成服务系统(G2TT): DP6964 Intra- and Inter-Format Competition Among Discounters and Supermarkets

G2TT

来源类型	Discussion paper
规范类型	论文
来源ID	DP6964
	DP6964 Intra- and Inter-Format Competition Among Discounters and Supermarkets
	Frank Verboven; Kathleen Cleeren; Marnik Dekimpe; Katrijn Gielens
发表日期	2008-09-23
出版年	2008
语种	英语
摘要	The Asian countries are once again focused on options for large, comprehensive regional integration schemes. In this paper we explore the implications of such broad-based regional trade initiatives in Asia, highlighting the bridging of the East and South Asian economies. We place emphasis on the alternative prospects for insider and outsider countries. We work with a global general equilibrium model of the world economy, benchmarked to a projected 2017 sets of trade and production patterns. We also work with gravity-model based estimates of trade costs linked to infrastructure, and of barriers to trade in services. Taking these estimates, along with tariffs, into our CGE model, we examine regionally narrow and broad agreements, all centered on extending the reach of ASEAN to include free trade agreements with combinations of the northeast Asian economies (PRC, Japan, Korea) and also the South Asian economies. We focus on a stylized FTA that includes goods, services, and some aspects of trade cost reduction through trade facilitation and related infrastructure improvements. What matters most for East Asia is that China, Japan, and Korea be brought into any scheme for deeper regional integration. This matter alone drives most of the income and trade effects in the East Asia region across all of our scenarios. The inclusion of the South Asian economies in a broader regional agreement sees gains for the East Asian and South Asian economies. Most of the East Asian gains follow directly from Indian participation. The other South Asian players thus stand to benefit if India looks East and they are a part of the program, and to lose if they are not. Interestingly, we find that with the widest of agreements, the insiders benefit substantively in terms of trade and income while the aggregate impact on outside countries is negligible. Broadly speaking, a pan-Asian regional agreement would appear to cover enough countries, with a great enough diversity in production and incomes, to actually allow for regional gains without substantive third-country losses. However, realizing such potential requires overcoming a proven regional tendency to circumscribe trade concessions with rules of origin, NTBs, and exclusion lists. The more likely outcome, a spider web of bilateral agreements, carries with it the prospect of signficant outsider costs (i.e. losses) both within and outside the region.
主题	International Trade and Regional Economics
关键词	Asean Asian ftas Gravity model of services Preferential trade Regionalism Trade costs and infrastructure
URL	https://cepr.org/publications/dp6964
来源智库	Centre for Economic Policy Research (United Kingdom)
资源类型	智库出版物
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/535801
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Frank Verboven,Kathleen Cleeren,Marnik Dekimpe,et al. DP6964 Intra- and Inter-Format Competition Among Discounters and Supermarkets. 2008.