全球智库信息集成服务系统(G2TT): DP12154 Middleman Minorities and Ethnic Violence: Anti-Jewish Pogroms in the Russian Empire

G2TT

来源类型	Discussion paper
规范类型	论文
来源ID	DP12154
	DP12154 Middleman Minorities and Ethnic Violence: Anti-Jewish Pogroms in the Russian Empire
	Ekaterina Zhuravskaya; Irena Grosfeld; Seyhun Orcan Sakalli
发表日期	2017-07-17
出版年	2017
语种	英语
摘要	Using detailed panel data from the Pale of Settlement area between 1800 and 1927, we document that anti-Jewish pogroms---mob violence against the Jewish minority---broke out when economic shocks coincided with political turmoil. When this happened, pogroms primarily occurred in places where Jews dominated middleman occupations, i.e., moneylending and grain trading. This evidence is inconsistent with the scapegoating hypothesis, according to which Jews were blamed for all misfortunes of the majority. Instead, the evidence is consistent with the politico-economic mechanism, in which Jewish middlemen served as providers of insurance against economic shocks to peasants and urban grain buyers in a relationship based on repeated interactions. When economic shocks occurred in times of political stability, rolling over or forgiving debts was an equilibrium outcome because both sides valued their future relationship. In contrast, during political turmoil, debtors could not commit to paying in the future, and consequently, moneylenders and grain traders demanded immediate (re)payment. This led to ethnic violence, in which the break in the relationship between the majority and Jewish middlemen was the igniting factor.
主题	Development Economics ; Economic History ; Public Economics
关键词	Middleman minorities Pogroms Jews Climate shocks Ethno-occupational segregation Conflict Political uncertainty
URL	https://cepr.org/publications/dp12154-0
来源智库	Centre for Economic Policy Research (United Kingdom)
资源类型	智库出版物
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/540965
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ekaterina Zhuravskaya,Irena Grosfeld,Seyhun Orcan Sakalli. DP12154 Middleman Minorities and Ethnic Violence: Anti-Jewish Pogroms in the Russian Empire. 2017.