| 来源类型 | Discussion paper |
| 规范类型 | 论文 |
| 来源ID | DP16293 |
| DP16293 Addressing Environmental Justice through In-Kind Court Settlements | |
| PAMELA CAMPA; Lucija Muehlenbachs | |
| 发表日期 | 2021-06-25 |
| 出版年 | 2021 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | Cash penalties in US environmental court cases can be mitigated if a defendant volunteers to undertake an in-kind project in the location of their violation, for example, by creating an education program or building a public park. A stated goal of the policy is to address environmental justice concerns for low-income and minority populations. However, the historical record shows in-kind settlements most likely occur in the cases involving high-income, majority-white communities. The welfare implications of this inequality are not straightforward. We find evidence that punishment in kind is more lenient than in cash: firms volunteering in-kind projects receive positive reactions by the public and the stock market. More leniency could have implications for future environmental violations. Taking intertemporal environmental quality into account, we estimate a dynamic social welfare function and find that in-kind settlements are nonetheless beneficial. Counterfactuals with a representative social planner would result in more in-kind settlements than under the current institutional setup. |
| 主题 | Public Economics |
| 关键词 | Environmental justice Environmental enforcement Corporate penalties Deterrence Social welfare weights |
| URL | https://cepr.org/publications/dp16293 |
| 来源智库 | Centre for Economic Policy Research (United Kingdom) |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/545258 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | PAMELA CAMPA,Lucija Muehlenbachs. DP16293 Addressing Environmental Justice through In-Kind Court Settlements. 2021. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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