G2TT
来源类型Discussion paper
规范类型论文
来源IDDP16293
DP16293 Addressing Environmental Justice through In-Kind Court Settlements
PAMELA CAMPA; Lucija Muehlenbachs
发表日期2021-06-25
出版年2021
语种英语
摘要Cash penalties in US environmental court cases can be mitigated if a defendant volunteers to undertake an in-kind project in the location of their violation, for example, by creating an education program or building a public park. A stated goal of the policy is to address environmental justice concerns for low-income and minority populations. However, the historical record shows in-kind settlements most likely occur in the cases involving high-income, majority-white communities. The welfare implications of this inequality are not straightforward. We find evidence that punishment in kind is more lenient than in cash: firms volunteering in-kind projects receive positive reactions by the public and the stock market. More leniency could have implications for future environmental violations. Taking intertemporal environmental quality into account, we estimate a dynamic social welfare function and find that in-kind settlements are nonetheless beneficial. Counterfactuals with a representative social planner would result in more in-kind settlements than under the current institutional setup.
主题Public Economics
关键词Environmental justice Environmental enforcement Corporate penalties Deterrence Social welfare weights
URLhttps://cepr.org/publications/dp16293
来源智库Centre for Economic Policy Research (United Kingdom)
资源类型智库出版物
条目标识符http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/545258
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
PAMELA CAMPA,Lucija Muehlenbachs. DP16293 Addressing Environmental Justice through In-Kind Court Settlements. 2021.
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