G2TT
来源类型Discussion paper
规范类型论文
来源IDDP16721
DP16721 Labor Unions and the Electoral Consequences of Trade Liberalization
Pedro Ogeda; Emanuel Ornelas; Rodrigo Soares
发表日期2021-11-13
出版年2021
语种英语
摘要We show that the Brazilian trade liberalization in the early 1990s led to a permanent relative decline in the vote share of left-wing presidential candidates in the regions more affected by the tariff cuts. This happened even though the shock, implemented by a right-wing party, induced a contraction in manufacturing and formal employment in the more affected regions, and despite the left’s identification with protectionist policies. To rationalize this response, we consider a new institutional channel for the political effects of trade shocks: the weakening of labor unions. We provide support for this mechanism in two steps. First, we show that union presence---proxied by the number of workers directly employed by unions, by union density, and by the number of union establishments---declined in regions that became more exposed to foreign competition. Second, we show that the negative effect of tariff reductions on the votes for the left was driven exclusively by political parties with historical links to unions. Furthermore, the impact of the trade liberalization on the vote share of these parties was significant only in regions that had unions operating before the reform. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that tariff cuts reduced the vote share of the left partly through the weakening of labor unions. This institutional channel is fundamentally different from the individual-level responses, motivated by economic or identity concerns, that have been considered in the literature.
主题International Trade and Regional Economics ; Labour Economics ; Political Economy
关键词Trade shocks Elections Unions Brazil
URLhttps://cepr.org/publications/dp16721
来源智库Centre for Economic Policy Research (United Kingdom)
资源类型智库出版物
条目标识符http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/545657
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Pedro Ogeda,Emanuel Ornelas,Rodrigo Soares. DP16721 Labor Unions and the Electoral Consequences of Trade Liberalization. 2021.
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