全球智库信息集成服务系统

Coal plays a very important role in the life of Indonesians, affecting many economic and social aspects in the country.

However, coal is proven to have very noxious effects on human health. When burned, coal emits different toxic elements that are related to cancer as well as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

This paper looks at the health impacts of coal, including related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their costs to Indonesians, suggesting several ways the country could reduce the negative impacts of coal on health.