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This publication aims to provide the first comprehensive and consistent record of energy subsidies in the Eastern Partnership (EaP) region, with a view to improving transparency and establishing a solid analytical basis that can help build the case for further reforms in these countries (this study covers Armenia, Azerbaijan Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine).

Based on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) standard methodology, the study provides quantitative estimates of government support provided to consumers and producers of coal, oil and related petroleum products, natural gas, and electricity and heat generated on the basis of these fossil fuels. This report also briefly looks at public support allocated to energy-efficiency measures and renewable energy sources in the EaP countries and discusses the taxation and energy pricing policies that underpin the analysis of energy subsidies.

This publication was prepared within the framework of the Greening Economies in the Eastern Neighbourhood (EaP GREEN) Project, supported by the European Union and co-ordinated with governments of the EaP countries and United Nation partners: UNECE, UN Environment and UNIDO.

The project was carried out by the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) of the International Institute of Sustainable Development (IISD), with support from Sigra Group and SST-Poland.

Country chapters are also available in their national languages below:

• Energy Subsidies in Armenia
• Energy Subsidies in Azerbaijan
• Energy Subsidies in Belarus
• Energy Subsidies in Georgia
• Energy Subsidies in Ukraine