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This report focuses on the community-level aspects of the study, i.e, the livelihood systems of Makaha and Mlambaphele in the Muszi and Gwanda districts, respectivley, of Zimbabwe; the environmental and socio-political stresses; their relationship with sustainable livelihoods; and finally, the local indicators of sustainable livelihoods in the two communities. The report also discusses the main policies and institutional arrangements that have impacted the evolution and implementation of these adaptive strategies in Zimbabwe. Clearly, the effectiveness of policy depends on local responses, which are often embodied in the communities' adaptive strategies.