| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w10923 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 10923 |
| Financing Invention During the Second Industrial Revolution: Cleveland, Ohio, 1870-1920 | |
| Naomi R. Lamoreaux; Margaret Levenstein; Kenneth L. Sokoloff | |
| 发表日期 | 2004-11-22 |
| 出版年 | 2004 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | For those who think of Cleveland as a decaying rustbelt city, it may seem difficult to believe that this northern Ohio port was once a hotbed of high-tech startups, much like Silicon Valley today. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Cleveland played a leading role in the development of a number of second-industrial-revolution industries, including electric light and power, steel, petroleum, chemicals, and automobiles. In an era when production and inventive activity were both increasingly capital-intensive, technologically creative individuals and firms required greater and greater amounts of funds to succeed. This paper explores how the city's leading inventors and technologically innovative firms obtained financing, and finds that formal institutions, such as banks and securities markets, played only a very limited role. Instead, most funding came from local investors who took long-term stakes in start-ups formed to exploit promising technological discoveries, often assuming managerial positions in these enterprises as well. Business people who were interested in investing in cutting-edge ventures needed help in deciding which inventors and ideas were most likely to yield economic returns, and we show how enterprises such as the Brush Electric Company served multiple functions for the inventors who flocked to work there. Not only did they provide forums for the exchange of ideas, but by assessing each other's discoveries, the members of these technological communities conveyed information to local businessmen about which inventions were most worthy of support. |
| 主题 | History ; Financial History ; Other History ; Development and Growth ; Innovation and R& ; D |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w10923 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/568558 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Naomi R. Lamoreaux,Margaret Levenstein,Kenneth L. Sokoloff. Financing Invention During the Second Industrial Revolution: Cleveland, Ohio, 1870-1920. 2004. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w10923.pdf（298KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
