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Most governments around the world, rich and poor alike, encourage fossil fuel production or consumption with financial support. Globally, subsidies to fossil fuels may be on the order of US$ 500 billion per year, of which about US$ 100 billion is provided to producers. Nobody knows the real number, however, because there is no international framework for regularly monitoring fossil-fuel subsidies.

In 2007, a feasibility study for the estimation of fossil-fuel subsidies was conducted by the EPFL (ETH Lausanne) with inputs from the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) and Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI).

Following this study, the Global Subsidies Initiative launched a full research program into fossil-fuel subsidies, the results of which can be found here.