| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w13486 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 13486 |
| The Informal Sector | |
| Áureo de Paula; José A. Scheinkman | |
| 发表日期 | 2007-10-10 |
| 出版年 | 2007 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | This paper investigates the determinants of informal economic activity. We present two equilibrium models of informality and test their implications using a survey of 48,000+ small firms in Brazil. We define informality as tax avoidance; firms in the informal sector avoid tax payments but suffer other limitations. In the first model there is a single industry and informal firms face a higher cost of capital and a limitation on size. As a result informal firms are smaller and have a lower capital labor ratio. When education is an imperfect proxy for ability, we show that the interaction of the manager's education and formality has a positive correlation with firm size. These implications are supported by our empirical analysis. The second model highlights the role of value added taxes in transmitting informality. It predicts that the informality of a firm is correlated to the informality of firms from which it buys or sells. The model implies that higher tolerance for informal firms in one production stage increases tax avoidance in downstream and upstream sectors. Empirical analysis shows that, in fact, various measures of formality of suppliers and purchasers (and its enforcement) are correlated with the formality of a firm. Even more interestingly, when we look at sectors where Brazilian firms are not subject to the credit system of value added tax, this chain effect vanishes. |
| 主题 | Public Economics ; Taxation ; Other ; Law and Economics |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w13486 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/571162 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Áureo de Paula,José A. Scheinkman. The Informal Sector. 2007. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w13486.pdf（375KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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