| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w13838 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 13838 |
| The Cognitive Link Between Geography and Development: Iodine Deficiency and Schooling Attainment in Tanzania | |
| Erica M. Field; Omar Robles; Máximo Torero | |
| 发表日期 | 2008-03-07 |
| 出版年 | 2008 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | An estimated 20 million children born each year are at risk of brain damage from in utero iodine deficiency, the only micronutrient deficiency known to have significant, non-reversible effects on cognitive development. Cognitive damage from iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) has potentially important implications for economic growth through its effect on human capital attainment. To gauge the magnitude of this influence, we evaluate the impact of reductions in fetal IDD on child schooling attainment that resulted from an intensive distribution of iodized oil capsules (IOC) in Tanzania. We look for evidence of improvements in cognitive ability attributable to the intervention by assessing whether children who benefited from IOC in utero exhibit higher rates of grade progression at ages 10 to 14 relative to siblings and older and younger children in the district who did not. Our findings suggest that reducing fetal IDD has significant benefits for child cognition: Protection from IDD in utero is associated with 0.36 years of additional schooling. Furthermore, the effect appears to be substantially larger for girls, consistent with new evidence from laboratory studies indicating greater cognitive sensitivity of the female fetus to maternal thyroid deprivation. There is no indication that IOC improved rates of illness or school absence due to illness, suggesting that IOC improves schooling through its effect on cognition rather than its effect on health. However, there is weak evidence that the program also reduced child but not fetal or infant mortality, which may bias downward the estimated effect on education. Cross-country regression estimates corroborate the results from Tanzania, indicating a strong negative influence of total goiter rate and strong positive influence of salt iodization on female school participation. Together, these findings provide micro-level evidence of the direct influence of ecological conditions on economic development and suggest a potentially important role of variation in rates of learning disability in explaining cross-country growth patterns and gender differences in schooling attainment. |
| 主题 | Health, Education, and Welfare ; Health ; Education ; Development and Growth ; Development ; Country Studies |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w13838 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/571513 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Erica M. Field,Omar Robles,Máximo Torero. The Cognitive Link Between Geography and Development: Iodine Deficiency and Schooling Attainment in Tanzania. 2008. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w13838.pdf（1401KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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