| 来源类型 | Working Paper
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| 规范类型 | 报告
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| DOI | 10.3386/w13839
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| 来源ID | Working Paper 13839
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| Is There an \"Emboldenment\" Effect? Evidence from the Insurgency in Iraq |
| Radha Iyengar; Jonathan Monten
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| 发表日期 | 2008-03-07
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| 出版年 | 2008
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| 语种 | 英语
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| 摘要 | Are insurgents affected by new information about the United States' sensitivity to costs? Using data on attacks and variation in access to international news across Iraqi provinces, we identify an "emboldenment" effect by comparing the rate of insurgent attacks in areas with higher and lower access to information about U.S news after public statements critical of the war. We find that in periods after a spike in war-critical statements, insurgent attacks increases by 7-10 percent, but that this effect dissipates within a month. Additionally, we find that insurgents shift attacks from Iraqi civilian to U.S. military targets following new information about the United States' sensitivity to costs, resulting in more U.S. fatalities but fewer deaths overall. These results suggest that there is a small but measurable cost to open public debate in the form of higher attacks in the short-term, and that Iraqi insurgent organizations - even those motivated by religious or ideological goals - are strategic actors that respond rationally to the expected probability of US withdrawal. However, the implied costs of open, public debate must be weighed against the potential gains. We conclude that to the extent insurgent groups respond rationally to the incentives set by the policies of pro-government forces, effective counterinsurgency should prioritize manipulating costs and inducements, rather than focus simply on search and destroy missions. |
| 主题 | International Economics
; Globalization and International Relations
; Labor Economics
; Demography and Aging
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| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w13839
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| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States)
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| 引用统计 |
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| 资源类型 | 智库出版物
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| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/571514
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推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714 |
Radha Iyengar,Jonathan Monten. Is There an \"Emboldenment\" Effect? Evidence from the Insurgency in Iraq. 2008.
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文件名：
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w13839.pdf
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格式：
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Adobe PDF
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