| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w16297 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 16297 |
| Pricing and Reimbursement in U.S. Pharmaceutical Markets | |
| Ernst R. Berndt; Joseph P. Newhouse | |
| 发表日期 | 2010-08-19 |
| 出版年 | 2010 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | In this survey chapter on pricing and reimbursement in U.S. pharmaceutical markets, we first provide background information on important federal legislation, institutional details regarding distribution channel logistics, definitions of alternative price measures, related historical developments, and reasons why price discrimination is highly prevalent among branded pharmaceuticals. We then present a theoretical framework for the pricing of branded pharmaceuticals, without and then in the presence of prescription drug insurance, noting factors affecting the relative impacts of drug insurance on prices and on utilization. With this as background, we summarize major long-term trends in copayments and coinsurance rates for retail and mail order purchases, average percentage discounts off Average Whole Price paid by third party payers to pharmacy benefit managers as well as average dispensing fees, and generic penetration rates. We conclude with a summary of the evidence regarding the impact of the 2006 implementation of the Medicare Part D benefits on pharmaceutical prices and utilization, and comment on very recent developments concerning the entry of large retailers such as Wal-Mart into domains traditionally dominated by large retail chains and the "commoditization" of generic drugs. |
| 主题 | Microeconomics ; Market Structure and Distribution ; Health, Education, and Welfare ; Health ; Industrial Organization ; Market Structure and Firm Performance ; Industry Studies |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w16297 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/573969 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Ernst R. Berndt,Joseph P. Newhouse. Pricing and Reimbursement in U.S. Pharmaceutical Markets. 2010. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w16297.pdf（421KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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