| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w16480 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 16480 |
| Lead and Mortality | |
| Karen Clay; Werner Troesken; Michael R. Haines | |
| 发表日期 | 2010-10-21 |
| 出版年 | 2010 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | This paper examines the effect of water-borne lead exposure on infant mortality in American cities over the period 1900-1920. Infants are highly sensitive to lead, and more broadly are a marker for current environmental conditions. The effects of lead on infant mortality are identified by variation across cities in water acidity and the types of service pipes that the water ran through - lead, iron, or concrete - which together determined the extent of lead exposure. Estimates that restrict the sample to cities with lead pipes and panel estimates provide further support for the causal link between water-borne lead and infant mortality. The magnitudes of the effects were large. In 1900, a decline in exposure equivalent to an increase in pH from 6.675 (25th percentile) to 7.3 (50th percentile) in cities with lead-only pipes would have been associated with a decrease in infant mortality of 7 to 33 percent or at least 12 fewer infant deaths per 1,000 live births. This paper examines the effect of water-borne lead exposure on infant mortality in American cities over the period 1900-1920. Infants are highly sensitive to lead, and more broadly are a marker for current environmental conditions. The effects of lead on infant mortality are identified by variation across cities in water acidity and the types of service pipes that the water ran through - lead, iron, or concrete - which together determined the extent of lead exposure. Estimates that restrict the sample to cities with lead pipes and panel estimates provide further support for the causal link between water-borne lead and infant mortality. The magnitudes of the effects were large. In 1900, a decline in exposure equivalent to an increase in pH from 6.675 (25th percentile) to 7.3 (50th percentile) in cities with lead-only pipes would have been associated with a decrease in infant mortality of 7 to 33 percent or at least 12 fewer infant deaths per 1,000 live births. |
| 主题 | Health, Education, and Welfare ; Health ; Labor Economics ; Labor Supply and Demand ; History ; Labor and Health History |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w16480 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/574154 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Karen Clay,Werner Troesken,Michael R. Haines. Lead and Mortality. 2010. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w16480.pdf（371KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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